![]() Preferential treatment and the bias it induces is a long-standing issue in genetic evaluation. Thus, milk production records of elite cows require specific treatment in genomic evaluation. This study demonstrated that including own milk performance of elite females leads to biased (over-estimated) genomic evaluations. Correlations between estimated breeding values with or without yield deviations were lower for elite females than for randomly selected cows for milk yield but were very similar for somatic cell count. Resultsįor several measures that could be related to preferential treatment bias, the elite group presented a different pattern of estimated breeding values for milk yield compared to the other combinations of trait and group: for instance, for milk yield, the average difference between estimated breeding values with or without own yield deviations was significantly different from 0 for this group. Data consisted of two groups of animals from the three main dairy breeds in France: 11 884 elite females genotyped by breeding companies and 7032 cows genotyped for a research project (and considered as randomly selected from the commercial population). Milk yield, the trait most prone to preferential treatment, and somatic cell count, for which such a bias is very unlikely, were studied. Two different genomic evaluations were performed: one including only reliable daughter yield deviations of proven bulls based on their non-genotyped daughters, and one including both daughter yield deviations for males and own yield deviations for genotyped females. own performance of cows, in genomic evaluations. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of including yield deviations, i.e. A rising issue is whether and how own performance of genotyped cows should be included in genomic evaluations. Initially, genomic evaluation targeted young bulls but recently, a rapidly increasing number of females (both heifers and cows) are being genotyped. However, in reality these tax preferences have not yet been implemented, obstructing the participation of different economic sectors, as well as the creativity of artists.Today, genomic evaluations are an essential feature of dairy cattle breeding. tax (value added tax export, import tax business income tax).In this way, these above-mentioned establishments should now enjoy preferential treatments on: ![]() 1466/QD-TTg of 10th October 2008 of the Prime Minister as well as other regulations on tax codes). The state now provides tax preferences for public and non-public cultural and artistic establishments (including foreign invesment projects in artistic and cultural “Socialization” activities), satisfying the requirements (stated in the list of artistic and cultural forms scope, standards regulated in Decision No. 69/2008/ND-CP of the Government on Preferential Policies for “Socialization” in the Fields of Education, Vocational Training, Healthcare, Culture, Sports and Environment was issued on 30th May 2008 to provide for the updating of the tax policy system. To implement the policy of “Socialization” by the State and the Party in the field of arts and culture, Decree No. These tools are regarded as two important measures to foster cultural diversity. Regarding preferential treatments to promote the diversity of cultural expressions, Viet Nam applies preferential tax policies and implements other related target programmes. ![]()
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